Mu mateka y’isi, harangwa intwari n’abayobozi bakoze ibintu bikomeye, ariko bake cyane bafite amateka ahindura imitima y’abantu nk’uwa Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. Mandela, umugabo wabaye icyimenyetso cy’ubwiyunge n’ubwisanzure muri Afurika y’Epfo n’isi yose, yamaze imyaka 27 y’ubuzima bwe afunzwe kubera kurwanya ivanguramashanira rya Apartheid.
Ku muntu uwo ari we wese ushaka kugera ku ntego ikomeye cyangwa uri guca mu bihe bitoroshye by’ubuzima, amateka ya Mandela muri gereza ntabwo ari inkuru y’akababaro gusa; ahubwo ni ishuri ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru rishobora kutwigisha uburyo bwo gukomera ku ntego n’ubwihanganira buzana impinduka nyazo.
1. Guhindura Imvune mo Intego (Turning Adversity into Purpose)
Nelson Mandela yafashwe mu mwaka wa 1962, aza gukatirwa igifungo cya burundu mu rubanza rwa Rivonia mu 1964. Imyaka 18 ya mbere yayimaze mu gasho k’akato muri Robben Island, aho yakoraga imirimo y’amabuye mu kirombe byongeye akaba yari amerewe nabi cyane.
Icyo twakwigira kuri iki gihe, ni uko Mandela atigeze areka ngo icyumba gito cy’ifunguro cyangwa imirimo ivunnye bikureho icyizere cye. Mu gihe abenshi bari gushobora kwiheba, Mandela yakoresheje icyo gihe mu gutekereza ku cyerekezo cy’igihugu cye. Yakoraga imyitozo ngororangingo mu kanyamuneza gato yari afite, asoma ibitabo, kandi yandika inyandiko zitandukanye.
Isomo ku buzima: Ubwihanganira nyabwo bugaragarira mu buryo ukoresha ibihe bikomeye bikwugarije. Aho gufata ibigeragezo nk’imperuka y’urugendo, bikoreshe nk’umwanya wo kwisuzuma, kwiga, no gukomeza umugambi wawe.
2. Kwihanganira Ibyago mu Gihe Kirekire (Long-Term Resilience)
Imyaka 27 ni igihe kirekire cyane. Ni amayeri, amezi, n’iminsi birenga 9,800. Muri icyo gihe cyose, Mandela ntabwo yari azi neza niba azigera afungurwa cyangwa niba urugamba rwe ruzasorezwa mu cyumba cya gereza. Ariko icyatumye akomeza guhagarara bemye ni “Ubwihanganira bw’igihe kirekire” (Long-term persistence).
Muri iki gihe tugezemo cy’iterambere, abantu benshi bifuza kubona umusaruro w’ibyo bakoze ako kanya. Niba utangiye umushinga, ushaka inyungu mu mezi abiri; niba utangiye kwiga, ushaka kumenya byose mu cyumweru kimwe. Mandela atwigisha ko ibintu byose by’agaciro kageretse bishaka igihe, ukwihangana, n’ubwitange budashobora gutegereza umusaruro w’ako kanya.
3. Kwiga Ururimi n’Imitima by’Abaguhiga (Understanding the Adversary)
Muri Robben Island, Mandela yakoze ikintu gitangaje cyane cyerekana ubwenge buhanitse n’ubwihanganira: yize ururimi rw’Afrikaans (ururimi rwakoreshwaga n’abazungu b’abanyapolitiki n’abarinzi ba gereza barwanyaga abirabura). Yize amateka yabo n’imyizerere yabo.
Ibi ntabwo yabikoze kubera ko yabakundaga cyangwa yashakaga kwemera akarengane kabo, ahubwo yabikoze kuko yari azi ko kugira ngo uhindure umuntu cyangwa umuneshe, ugomba kubanza kumva neza uburyo atekereza. Ibi byamufashije nyuma mu biganiro byo guhagarika ivanguramashanira, aho yakoraga ibiganiro mu rurimi rwabo akabafata mu buryo bwa muntu, b bikanamufasha kubatsinda badakoresheje intwaro.
Isomo ku buzima: Persistence ntivuze gukoresha imbaraga z’umurengera gusa, ahubwo bivuze no gukoresha ubwenge. Iyo uhuye n’imbogamizi (haba mu kazi, mu muryango, cyangwa mu bucuruzi), jya ufata umwanya wo kuyisobanukirwa neza aho kuyirwanya buhumyi.
4. Kugumana Indangagaciro muri buri mbeho (Maintaining Dignity Under Pressure)
Hari amateka menshi avuga ko Mandela n’izindi mpirimbanyi bafunganywe bangaga kwitwa “abahungu” (boys) nk’uko abarinzi ba gereza b’abazungu babaga bashaka kubita. Mandela buri gihe yahagararaga aremye, akavugana n’abarinzi mu kinyabupfura ariko asaba n’icyubahiro kimukwiriye nka muntu.
Ibi byatumye urwego rwa gereza rumutinya kandi rukamwubaha. Yerekanye ko niba hari umuntu ushobora gufunga umubiri wawe, nta muntu n’umwe ushobora gufunga umutimanama wawe cyangwa ngo atware icyubahiro cye niba utabyemeye.
5. Intsinzi Ntabwo Iza Nk’Uburakari, Iza nka Poritiki y’Ubwiyunge (The Ultimate Victory)
Iyo Mandela aza gufungurwa mu mwaka wa 1990 afite umutima wuzuye umujinya n’inzika, Afurika y’Epfo yari guhita yisuka mu ntambara y’граждан (civil war) ikomeye cyane. Ariko ubwihanganira bwe bwamufashije kumva ko intego ye ya mbere yari “Ubwiyunge n’Ubwisanzure bw’Abantu Bose,” atari ukwihorera.
Yatorewe kuba Perezida wa mbere w’umwirabura muri icyo gihugu mu 1994, maze akora ibintu bitangaje byo guhuza abari abanzi, abazungu n’abirabura, bose abashyira hamwe nka “Rainbow Nation” (Igihugu cy’Ikime cy’Ikirere).
Umwanzuro: Ese Wowe Uri mu Yihe Gereza?
Uyu munsi wenda ntabwo uri mu gasho k’amabuye nka Robben Island, ariko ufite “gereza” urimo ucamo. Inshuro nyinshi izo gereza ziba ari izi zikurikira:
-
Gereza y’amateka yawe ya kera n’ibyakubabaje.
-
Gereza y’ubushomeri cyangwa amadeni akwugarije.
-
Gereza y’abantu batakwizera cyangwa bagerageza kuguca intege.
Iyo wumva ugiye gucika intege, ibuka inkuru ya Nelson Mandela. Ibuka ko imyaka 27 itigeze imusenya, ahubwo yamwubatsemo intwari isi yose yunamira n’uyu munsi. Intego yawe nayo ishobora gutinda, imbogamizi zishobora kuba nka kariya kasho gakonje, ariko niba ukomeje kwizera, ukihangana, kandi ugakomeza umugambi wawe, nta gicu na kimwe gishobora guhagarika urumuri rw’intsinzi yawe. Komeza utambuke, ntabwo ari iherezo!
Ibitekerezo